# Skins (Material / iOS / Flutter)

> Trocar a identidade visual — estrutura, forma e espaçamento — global ou por componente.

Source: https://crossfly.dev/pt/docs/ui/theming/skins — CrossFly documentation. Full docs as one file: https://crossfly.dev/llms-full.txt

# Skins

Um `Skin` define a **identidade visual estrutural** de todos os componentes: forma (cantos), espessura
de borda, espaçamento, sombras e ícones padrão. Há três embutidos: **`MaterialSkin`**, **`IOSSkin`**
e **`FlutterSkin`**.

> **Skin ≠ cores.** Skin = **estrutura/renderer**; a **paleta** (claro/escuro, primary/surface…) vem
> do [`ColorScheme`/`ThemeMode`](/docs/ui/theming/color-schemes). Um skin custom muda **forma/espaçamento**, não cor.

## Skin padrão
`Skin.get()` retorna `MaterialSkin` por padrão — ou **`IOSSkin` automaticamente no iOS**.

## Exemplo completo (copiar, colar e rodar)
```java
package com.exemplo;

import dev.crossfly.ui.*;
import dev.crossfly.ui.layout.*;
import dev.crossfly.ui.style.*;   // Styles
import dev.crossfly.ui.skin.*;    // Skin, MaterialSkin, IOSSkin, FlutterSkin

/** Tela principal executável. Aponte o launcher (classname) e rode: gradlew :lwjgl3:run */
public class MainWindow extends Window
{
   @Override
   public void onShow() throws Exception
   {
      super.onShow();
      Skin.set(new IOSSkin());   // skin global = estrutura/forma iOS (cores continuam vindo do tema)
      setLayout(new VerticalLayout());

      // Botões para trocar o skin global em tempo real:
      Button material = new Button("Skin Material");
      material.onAction(c -> { Skin.set(new MaterialSkin()); restyle(); });
      add(LAY_AUTO, material);

      Button ios = new Button("Skin iOS");
      ios.onAction(c -> { Skin.set(new IOSSkin()); restyle(); });
      add(LAY_AUTO, ios);

      Button flutter = new Button("Skin Flutter");
      flutter.onAction(c -> { Skin.set(new FlutterSkin()); restyle(); });
      add(LAY_AUTO, flutter);

      // Skin por componente: este botão fica iOS mesmo que o global mude.
      Button fixoIos = new Button("Sempre iOS");
      fixoIos.skin(new IOSSkin());
      add(LAY_AUTO, fixoIos);
   }
}
```
> Os trechos abaixo mostram **só o miolo** (o que vai dentro de `onShow()`). Para rodar, coloque-os no esqueleto `MainWindow` acima.

## Trocar o skin global
Afeta todos os componentes que não têm skin próprio:
```java
Skin.set(new IOSSkin());       // toda a UI ganha o visual iOS
Skin.set(new FlutterSkin());   // … ou Flutter
```

## Skin por componente
Sobrescreve o global só naquele componente:
```java
meuBotao.skin(new IOSSkin());  // este botão fica iOS, o resto continua Material
```

## Skin customizado (mude forma/espaçamento, não cor)
Estenda um skin e sobrescreva os **hooks de estrutura**:
```java
public class RoundedSkin extends MaterialSkin {
   @Override public float borderRadius() { return 1.5f; }  // cantos bem arredondados
   @Override public float borderThick()  { return 0.05f; } // borda fina
}
// aplicar globalmente:
Skin.set(new RoundedSkin());
```
Para **adaptar cores** ao claro/escuro, **não** mexa no skin — use `ColorScheme`/`ThemeMode`
(ver [Modo claro/escuro](/docs/ui/theming/dark-mode)).

## Como as camadas interagem
<div class="cf-diagram">
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.edge-pattern-solid{stroke-dasharray:0;}#my-svg .edge-thickness-invisible{stroke-width:0;fill:none;}#my-svg .edge-pattern-dashed{stroke-dasharray:3;}#my-svg .edge-pattern-dotted{stroke-dasharray:2;}#my-svg .marker{fill:var(--text-dim);stroke:var(--text-dim);}#my-svg .marker.cross{stroke:var(--text-dim);}#my-svg svg{font-family:Manrope,system-ui,sans-serif;font-size:14px;}#my-svg p{margin:0;}#my-svg .label{font-family:Manrope,system-ui,sans-serif;color:var(--text);}#my-svg .cluster-label text{fill:var(--text-dim);}#my-svg .cluster-label span{color:var(--text-dim);}#my-svg .cluster-label span p{background-color:transparent;}#my-svg .label text,#my-svg span{fill:var(--text);color:var(--text);}#my-svg .node rect,#my-svg .node circle,#my-svg .node ellipse,#my-svg .node polygon,#my-svg .node path{fill:var(--bg-soft);stroke:var(--border-strong);stroke-width:1px;}#my-svg .rough-node .label text,#my-svg .node .label text,#my-svg .image-shape .label,#my-svg .icon-shape 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id="my-svg-L_Seed_CS_0" class="edge-thickness-normal edge-pattern-solid edge-thickness-normal edge-pattern-solid flowchart-link" style=";" data-edge="true" data-et="edge" data-id="L_Seed_CS_0" data-points="W3sieCI6MTQ4LjY4NzUsInkiOjEzMS41fSx7IngiOjE3My42ODc1LCJ5IjoxMzEuNX0seyJ4IjoxOTguNjg3NSwieSI6MTMxLjV9XQ==" data-look="classic" marker-end="url(#my-svg_flowchart-v2-pointEnd)"/><path d="M395.547,131.5L399.714,131.5C403.88,131.5,412.214,131.5,419.88,131.5C427.547,131.5,434.547,131.5,438.047,131.5L441.547,131.5" id="my-svg-L_CS_Styles_0" class="edge-thickness-normal edge-pattern-solid edge-thickness-normal edge-pattern-solid flowchart-link" style=";" data-edge="true" data-et="edge" data-id="L_CS_Styles_0" data-points="W3sieCI6Mzk1LjU0Njg3NSwieSI6MTMxLjV9LHsieCI6NDIwLjU0Njg3NSwieSI6MTMxLjV9LHsieCI6NDQ1LjU0Njg3NSwieSI6MTMxLjV9XQ==" data-look="classic" marker-end="url(#my-svg_flowchart-v2-pointEnd)"/><path 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table-cell; white-space: nowrap; line-height: 1.5; max-width: 200px; text-align: center;"><span class="edgeLabel"></span></div></foreignObject></g></g><g class="edgeLabel"><g class="label" data-id="L_Factory_Comp_0" transform="translate(0, 0)"><foreignObject width="0" height="0"><div xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="labelBkg" style="display: table-cell; white-space: nowrap; line-height: 1.5; max-width: 200px; text-align: center;"><span class="edgeLabel"></span></div></foreignObject></g></g></g><g class="nodes"><g class="node default" id="my-svg-flowchart-Seed-0" data-look="classic" transform="translate(78.34375, 131.5)"><rect class="basic label-container" style="" x="-70.34375" y="-24.5" width="140.6875" height="49"/><g class="label" style="" transform="translate(-42.34375, -10.5)"><rect/><foreignObject width="84.6875" height="21"><div xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" style="display: table-cell; white-space: nowrap; line-height: 1.5; max-width: 200px; text-align: center;"><span class="nodeLabel"><p>Cor-semente</p></span></div></foreignObject></g></g><g class="node default" id="my-svg-flowchart-CS-1" data-look="classic" transform="translate(297.1171875, 131.5)"><rect class="basic label-container" style="" x="-98.4296875" y="-24.5" width="196.859375" height="49"/><g class="label" style="" transform="translate(-70.4296875, -10.5)"><rect/><foreignObject width="140.859375" height="21"><div xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" style="display: table-cell; white-space: nowrap; line-height: 1.5; max-width: 200px; text-align: center;"><span class="nodeLabel"><p>ColorScheme (paleta)</p></span></div></foreignObject></g></g><g class="node default" id="my-svg-flowchart-Styles-3" data-look="classic" transform="translate(554.8046875, 131.5)"><rect class="basic label-container" style="" x="-109.2578125" y="-24.5" width="218.515625" height="49"/><g class="label" style="" transform="translate(-81.2578125, -10.5)"><rect/><foreignObject width="162.515625" height="21"><div xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" style="display: table-cell; white-space: nowrap; line-height: 1.5; max-width: 200px; text-align: center;"><span class="nodeLabel"><p>Styles (campos PalColor)</p></span></div></foreignObject></g></g><g class="node default" id="my-svg-flowchart-Skin-4" data-look="classic" transform="translate(554.8046875, 32.5)"><rect class="basic label-container" style="" x="-93.1484375" y="-24.5" width="186.296875" height="49"/><g class="label" style="" transform="translate(-65.1484375, -10.5)"><rect/><foreignObject width="130.296875" height="21"><div xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" style="display: table-cell; white-space: nowrap; line-height: 1.5; max-width: 200px; text-align: center;"><span class="nodeLabel"><p>Skin (forma/espaço)</p></span></div></foreignObject></g></g><g class="node default" id="my-svg-flowchart-Factory-5" data-look="classic" transform="translate(814.1484375, 82)"><rect class="basic label-container" style="" x="-100.0859375" y="-24.5" width="200.171875" height="49"/><g class="label" style="" transform="translate(-72.0859375, -10.5)"><rect/><foreignObject width="144.171875" height="21"><div xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" style="display: table-cell; white-space: nowrap; line-height: 1.5; max-width: 200px; text-align: center;"><span class="nodeLabel"><p>Skin.button()/label()/…</p></span></div></foreignObject></g></g><g class="node default" id="my-svg-flowchart-Comp-9" data-look="classic" transform="translate(1092.234375, 82)"><rect class="basic label-container" style="" x="-128" y="-35" width="256" height="70"/><g class="label" style="" transform="translate(-100, -21)"><rect/><foreignObject width="200" height="42"><div xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" style="display: table; white-space: break-spaces; line-height: 1.5; max-width: 200px; text-align: center; width: 200px;"><span class="nodeLabel"><p>ComponentStyle final do componente</p></span></div></foreignObject></g></g></g></g></g><defs><filter id="my-svg-drop-shadow" height="130%" width="130%"><feDropShadow dx="4" dy="4" stdDeviation="0" flood-opacity="0.06" flood-color="var(--text-dim)"/></filter></defs><defs><filter id="my-svg-drop-shadow-small" height="150%" width="150%"><feDropShadow dx="2" dy="2" stdDeviation="0" flood-opacity="0.06" flood-color="var(--text-dim)"/></filter></defs><linearGradient id="my-svg-gradient" gradientUnits="objectBoundingBox" x1="0%" y1="0%" x2="100%" y2="0%"><stop offset="0%" stop-color="var(--border-strong)" stop-opacity="1"/><stop offset="100%" stop-color="hsl(0, 0%, 90%)" stop-opacity="1"/></linearGradient></svg>
</div>
Ou seja: o **Skin** monta o estilo lendo as **cores do tema** — trocar um não afeta o outro.

## Boas práticas
- Escolha **um** skin global no bootstrap; use `.skin(...)` por componente só em exceções.
- Skin custom = **forma/espaçamento/sombra**. Cor e claro/escuro = `ColorScheme`.

## Erros comuns
- Tentar mudar **cores** sobrescrevendo o skin — cores vêm do `ColorScheme`, não do skin.
- Misturar skins diferentes na mesma tela sem necessidade (inconsistência visual).

## Veja também
- [Esquemas de cores](/docs/ui/theming/color-schemes) · [Modo claro/escuro](/docs/ui/theming/dark-mode) · [Estilizar componentes](/docs/ui/theming/styling-components)
