# Estado e fluxo de dados

> A filosofia de estado do CrossFly — sem binding reativo, sem DI, imperativo + invalidação explícita.

Source: https://crossfly.dev/pt/docs/concepts/state-and-data-flow — CrossFly documentation. Full docs as one file: https://crossfly.dev/llms-full.txt

# Estado e fluxo de dados

É aqui que o CrossFly mais surpreende quem vem de Flutter, Compose, SwiftUI ou React. Duas ausências
deliberadas:

- **Não há binding reativo automático.** Nada de `setState`, observáveis, `@State` ou recomposição. Mudar
  o modelo **não** atualiza a UI sozinho.
- **Não há contêiner de injeção de dependência.** Nada de Dagger/Guice/Spring. Você constrói e passa suas
  dependências à mão (tipicamente pelo construtor da tela).

## O modelo: imperativo + invalidação explícita
Você **lê/escreve o modelo**, **atualiza o componente diretamente** e o framework **repinta**:
```java
model.nome = "Ana";
label.setText(model.nome);   // a maioria dos setters já invalida o layout e chama repaint()
```
A maior parte dos setters de componente já dispara `repaint()`/invalida o layout por você. A regra
única a lembrar:

> **Mudou estado que o framework não conhece** (um contador seu, um cálculo, um campo desenhado no
> `onPaint`)? **Você** chama `repaint()`. (Ver [A paint thread](/docs/concepts/the-paint-thread).)

### O contraexemplo clássico
```java
this.progresso = 0.7f;   // mudei um campo que só o meu onPaint lê…
// …e a tela não muda. Falta:
Component.repaint();      // ✔ agora o próximo frame reflete o novo valor
```
"Mudei o estado e a tela não atualizou" é, quase sempre, um `repaint()` faltando.

## Por que essa escolha
- **Previsibilidade:** o fluxo é linear e visível — dado → setter → repaint → frame. Não há
  recomposição mágica nem ciclo reativo escondido para depurar.
- **Zero mágica, custo baixo:** sem grafo de dependências reativo, sem framework de DI para configurar.
- O preço é explicitude: **gerenciar estado é responsabilidade da aplicação**, não do framework.

## Os mecanismos de comunicação que o framework oferece
- **Callbacks / actions** — `onAction(...)`, callbacks passados por construtor (ver
  [Retornar valores](/docs/ui/navigation/returning-results)).
- **Hierarquia pai/filho** — navegar a árvore de componentes.
- **`property(k, v)`** — o "saco de dados" por componente (ver [Tudo é um Component](/docs/concepts/everything-is-a-component)).
- **Estado global** — campos estáticos/serviços compartilhados quando fizer sentido.

## O padrão recomendado
Como o framework só dá os blocos, o padrão de organização (um **ViewModel/controller** por tela +
**repositório** para dados) é convenção da aplicação — documentado em
[best-practices](/docs/best-practices). O framework não impõe arquitetura; ele oferece
componentes e o par setter→`repaint()`.

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## Veja também
- Relacionado: [A paint thread](/docs/concepts/the-paint-thread) · [Arquitetura de app (best-practices)](/docs/best-practices)
